1 Bit = Binary Digit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
1024Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
1024 Geopbyte=1 Saganbyte
1024 Saganbyte=1 Pijabyte
Alphabyte = 1024 Pijabyte
Kryatbyte = 1024 Alphabyte
Amosbyte = 1024 Kryatbyte
Pectrolbyte = 1024 Amosbyte
Bolgerbyte = 1024 Pectrolbyte
Sambobyte = 1024 Bolgerbyte
Quesabyte = 1024 Sambobyte
Kinsabyte = 1024 Quesabyte
Rutherbyte = 1024 Kinsabyte
Dubnibyte = 1024 Rutherbyte
Seaborgbyte = 1024 Dubnibyte
Bohrbyte = 1024 Seaborgbyte
Hassiubyte = 1024 Bohrbyte
Meitnerbyte = 1024 Hassiubyte
Darmstadbyte = 1024 Meitnerbyte
Roentbyte = 1024 Darmstadbyte
Coperbyte = 1024 Roentbyte

#vishal

is your computer working slow??? 
seriously ... it annoys very much..!! 
so.. here is an awesome trick to make ur computer much faster... and it world on all OS's like windows XP, vista,7,8.... etc... 

just follow these simple steps.. 

1. Uninstall unwanted applications
If you installed more software's in your
computer actually it's getting slow. so
if have unwanted programs in your list
uninstall all ofthem. To do it follow
below steps.
• In Windows XP, go to Start -> Control
Panel -> Add/Remove Programs
• In Windows 7 and Vista, go to Start ->
Control Panel -> Programs ->
Programs and Features
• In Windows 8 go to Settings ->
Control Panel -> Programs and
Features...

2. Remove junk files
You don't even have to click a "Save"
button once while using your computer
to accumulate junk files. Simply
checking emails, setting your computer
to hibernate or surfingthe web will build
up junk files on your computer. You can
remove your PC junk files using
Windows inbuilt "Disk Cleanup" utility.
• In Windows XP, Vista and 7 go to Start
-> All Programs -> Accessories ->
System Tools -> Disk Cleanup
• In Windows 8 Press Win+R and type
Cleanmgr.exe on run. now press Enter..

3. Disabling auto-start applications
Many programs will set themselves to
auto-start when you boot your
computer, even though you might only
use them once a month. These
background applications can take up a
lot of RAM and they make your PC
toslow. That's why disabling the auto-
start option for programs you don’t
need can do a lot to speed up your
computer. Follow this steps to stop
unwanted startup programmes.
• In Windows XP go to Start -> Run ->
and type msconfig on run -> go to
Startup tab. now you can uncheck
unwanted startup programmes.
• In Windows Vista and 7 simply type
msconfig in the search box in the Start
menu
• In Windows 8 Press Win+R and type
msconfig on run...

4. Repair and defragment the registry
It is possible to repair registry errors
yourself if you are a very experienced
computer user or have a know the
exact origin of your problem and step-
by-step instructions to fix it. But many
computer users can't repair registry
errors themselves. So you can
download third party software to do it.
PC Tools Registry Mechanic is one of
the best registry repair software..

5. Removing malware
Malware can also slow down your
computer, running in the background
and taking up system resources. To
speed up your computer, install a good
anti-malware product and set it to
auto-update and run scheduled scans.
There have many softwares to do it. I'm
recommend Malwarebytes Anti-
malware to do it.... 

#vishal

windows 8 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts !!!

Customize your tile
Make the most of your Windows Start screen tiles by adjusting the sizes, where they are located, and what is listed.

Move any tile by clicking and dragging the tile. While moving a tile, if you need a larger view of the Start screen move the tile towards the top or bottom of the screen to zoom out.

Use your mouse wheel to scroll left-to-right through your tiles.
Any Desktop shortcut or program can be pinned to the Start screen by right-clicking the icon and choosing Pin to Start.

In the bottom right-hand corner of the start screen is a magnifying glass with tiles, click this icon to get a zoomed out view of your Start screen. In this view, if you right-click on a group of tiles you'll be given the option to name group, which can be useful if you have a group of related tiles (e.g. games). In this view, you can also click and drag a group to organize your tile groups.

Create a new speed bump between tile groups by moving a tile to a speed bump.

Resize any User tile or Live tile by right-clicking the tile and choosing resize.

If there is a tile you want on your Taskbar, right-click the tile and choose Pin to taskbar.

Show admin applications on the Start screen by clicking Settings in Charms, click Settings, and change the Show administrative tools from No to Yes.

In Internet Explorer 10, you can also pin any of your favorite web pages to your Start Screen.

Keyboard shortcuts

Press the Windows Key to open the Start screen or switch to the Desktop(if open).
Press the Windows key + D will open the Windows Desktop.
Press the Windows key + . to pin and unpin Windows apps on the side of the screen.
Press the Windows key + X to open the power user menu, which gives you access to many of the features most power users would want (e.g. Device Manager and Command Prompt).
Press the Windows key + C to open the Charms.
Press the Windows key + I to open the Settings, which is the same Settings found in Charms.
Press and hold the Windows key + Tab to show open apps.
Press the Windows key + Print screen to create a screen shot, which is automatically saved into your My Pictures folder.

Know your hot corners
The corners on your screen are hot corners and give you access to different Windows features. Below, is a brief explanation of each of these corners.

Bottom Left-hand corner
The bottom left-hand hot corner of the screen will allow you to access the Start screen, if you're in the Start screen and have the Desktop open, this corner will open the Desktop from the Start screen.
Tip: Right-clicking in the left hand corner will open the power user menu.

Top-left corner of the screen
Moving the mouse to the top-left corner and then down will display all the apps running on the computer. Clicking and dragging any of these apps to the left or right-hand side of the screen will snap that app to that side of the screen. Each of these open app icons can also be right-clicked to close or snap.

Right-hand side of the screen
On the full right-hand side of the screen will be given access to the Windows Charms.

Advantage of search
The Search in Windows 8 has been significantly improved when compared to all previous versions of Windows. To search for a file or run a program in Windows 8 from the Start screen just start typing what you're trying to find or want to run.
As you begin typing, the results will start appearing on the left-hand side. In addition to being able to search for files and run programs, the Search also supports limiting the search to apps such as Finance, People, Maps, Photos, Mail, Music, Videos, Weather, and much more. If what you are searching for is not a file or program, click on the app you wish to use as the search. For example, if you were searching for "New York" and selected the Weather App you would be shown the weather in New York, NY.By default, Search organizes the available Apps by how frequently they are used and then in alphabetical order. If you want to keep your favorite app at the top of the Search list, right-click the app and choose Pin. Pinning the app will lock it in place regardless of how often it is used. If there is an app you don't want you can turn on and off any of the search apps through the PC settings, which is found under the Settings in the Charms.

The Search is also found through Charms and can also be opened by pressing Windows key + F.

Running two apps side by side
Any app can be pinned to the left or right-hand side of the screen. For example, open the People app and then press the Windows Key + . (period) to move that app to the right-hand side of the screen, pressing the same keys again will move it to the left-hand side, and pressing the same keys again will make it full screen. While an app is pinned, any other app or program can be opened and loaded into the available space on the screen.Any open app can also be pinned using your mouse by clicking at the top of the tile and dragging it to the left or right-hand side of the screen.
The Desktop can also be pinned to the left or right-hand side of the screen.
In order for snap to work properly your resolution must be at least 1,366 x 768.

Windows 8 Task Manager
The Windows 8 Task Manager has been significantly improved over previous versions of Windows. Some of the new changes include showing a total percent usage at the top of your Processes, which makes it easier to determine total memory and CPU usage, improved Performance graphs, a Startup tab to see startup processes and their impact to system performance, and the App history tab (as shown below) that gives you the total resources an app has used over a period of time. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to start exploring the new Task Manager.

Use a picture password to log into your computer
Windows 8 includes a new feature called Picture Password, which allows you to authenticate with the computer using a series of gestures that include circles, straight lines, and taps. Enable this feature if you want a new way to access your computer or have a hard time with passwords.
Open the Windows Charms.
Click Settings and then More PC settings
In the PC settings window click Users and then select Create a picture password
A four digit pin password can also be created and used to access your computer.

Take advantage of Windows 8 apps

Microsoft touts the People feature in Windows 8 because they understand how many people are using social networks today. In the People feature you'll be able to connect your Windows computer to all the major social networks including Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Once connected, you can pin the people app and monitor your social network (as shown below), use People in Search to find people, and get an overview of what is happening in all your social networks.

Reader
The Reader app will give you PDF support right out of the box.

SkyDrive
The SkyDrive app will give you access to the Microsoft cloud service SkyDrive, which allows you to store your photos, documents, and other files in the cloud and access or share those files with any computer with Internet access.

Store
Take advantage of the Windows Store and install one or more of the thousands of available apps designed for Windows 8. The Store is found in the Start screen, or use Search to search the Store app for any apps that you are trying to find.

#vishal

Abbreviation of major IT companies.......!!!

GOOGLE :- Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language of Earth

APPLE:- Asian Passenger Payload Experiment

HP :- Hewlett-Packard

IBM:- International Business Machines Corporation

HCL:-Hindustan Computer Limited

WIPRO:- Western India Product Limited

GE:-General Electronics

INFOSYS:-Information System

TCS:- Tata Consultancy Services

AOL:- American Online

BPL:- British Process Laboratory

INTEL:- Integrated Electronics

CISCO:- Computer Information System Company

DELL:- michael DELL

SONY:-Sound Of New York

AMD:- Advance micro devices

LENOVO:- LE(Legend),NOVO(New)

COMPAQ:- Compatibility And Quality

#vishal

Important Abbreviations for Computer Terms

Today I am going to tell you some very important Abbreviations that are going to help you in future. it will also help you in your competitive exams .

DO READ IT CAREFULLY:

HTTP:-Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPS:-Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
IP:-Internet Protocol
URL:-Uniform Resource Locator
USB:-Universal Serial Bus
VIRUS:-Vital Information ResourceUnder Sezied
3G:-3rd Generation
GSM:-Global System for Mobile Communication
CDMA:-Code Division Multiple Access
UMTS:-UniversalMobile Telecommunication System
SIM:-SubscriberIdentity Module
AVI:-Audio Video Interleave
RTS:-Real time Streaming
SIS:-Symbian OS Installer File
AMR:-Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
JAD:-Java Application Descriptor
JAR:-Java Archive
3GPP:-3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP:-3rd Generation Project
MP3:-MPEG Player 3
MP4:-MPEG -4 video Files
AAC:-Advanced Audio Coding
GIF:-Grapjic InterchangeableFormat
BMP:-Bitmap
SWF:-Shock Wave Flash
WMV:-Windows media Audio
WMA:-Window Media Audio
PNG:-Portable Network Graphic
DOC:-Document (Microsoft Corporation)
PDF:-Portable Document Format
M3G:-Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A:-MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH:-Nokia Themes
THM:-Themes(Sony Ericsson)
MMF:-Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT:-Nokia Ringones
XMF:-ExtensibleMusic Files
WBMP:-Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX:-DivX Video
HTML:-Hyper Text Markup Language
WML:-Wireless Markup Language
CD:-Compact Disk
DVD:-Digital Versatile Disk
CRT:- Cathode Ray Tube
DAT:-Digital Audio Tape
DOS:-Disk Operating System
GUI:-Graphical User Interface
TCP:-Transsmission Control Protocol
UPS:-Uninterruptible Power Supply
HSDPA:- High Speed Downlink Packet Access
EDGE:-Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution
VHF:-Very High Frequency
UHF:-Ultra High Frequency
GPRS:-General Packet Radio Services
WAP:-Wireless Application Protocol
ARPANET:-Advanced Research Project Agency Network
IBM:-International Bussiness Machines
HP:-Hewlett Packard
AM/FM:-Amplitute/Frequency Modulation
LAN:- Local Area Network
WLAN:-Wireless Local Area Network

vishal

Computer Acronyms

ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port
ALI - Acer Labs, Incorporated
ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
APC - American Power Conversion
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASIC - Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASPI - Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
AT - Advanced Technology
ATI - ATI Technologies Inc.
ATX - Advanced Technology Extended

--- B ---
BFG - BFG Technologies
BIOS - Basic Input Output System
BNC - Barrel Nut Connector

--- C ---
CAS - Column Address Signal
CD - Compact Disk
CDR - Compact Disk Recorder
CDRW - Compact Disk Re-Writer
CD-ROM - Compact Disk - Read Only Memory
CFM - Cubic Feet per Minute (ft?/min)
CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CTX - CTX Technology Corporation (Commited to Excellence)

--- D ---

DDR - Double Data Rate
DDR-SDRAM - Double Data Rate - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
DFI - DFI Inc. (Design for Innovation)
DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module
DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory
DPI - Dots Per Inch
DSL - See ASDL
DVD - Digital Versatile Disc
DVD-RAM - Digital Versatile Disk - Random Access Memory

--- E ---
ECC - Error Correction Code
ECS - Elitegroup Computer Systems
EDO - Extended Data Out
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EVGA - EVGA Corporation

--- F ---
FC-PGA - Flip Chip Pin Grid Array
FDC - Floppy Disk Controller
FDD - Floppy Disk Drive
FPS - Frame Per Second
FPU - Floating Point Unit
FSAA - Full Screen Anti-Aliasing
FS - For Sale
FSB - Front Side Bus

--- G ---
GB - Gigabytes
GBps - Gigabytes per second or Gigabits per second
GDI - Graphical Device Interface
GHz - GigaHertz

--- H ---
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HIS - Hightech Information System Limited
HP - Hewlett-Packard Development Company
HSF - Heatsink-Fan

--- I ---
IBM - International Business Machines Corporation
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics
IFS- Item for Sale
IRQ - Interrupt Request
ISA - Industry Standard Architecture
ISO - International Standards Organization

--- J ---
JBL - JBL (Jame B. Lansing) Speakers
JVC - JVC Company of America

- K ---
Kbps - Kilobits Per Second
KBps - KiloBytes per second

--- L ---
LG - LG Electronics
LAN - Local Are Network
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
LDT - Lightning Data Transport
LED - Light Emitting Diode

--- M ---
MAC - Media Access Control
MB ? MotherBoard or Megabyte
MBps - Megabytes Per Second
Mbps - Megabits Per Second or Megabits Per Second
MHz - MegaHertz
MIPS - Million Instructions Per Second
MMX - Multi-Media Extensions
MSI - Micro Star International

--- N ---
NAS - Network Attached Storage
NAT - Network Address Translation
NEC - NEC Corporation
NIC - Network Interface Card

--- O ---
OC - Overclock (Over Clock)
OCZ - OCZ Technology
OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer

--- P ---
PC - Personal Computer
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect
PDA - Personal Digital Assistant
PCMCIA - Peripheral Component Microchannel Interconnect Architecture
PGA - Professional Graphics Array
PLD - Programmable Logic Device
PM - Private Message / Private Messaging
PnP - Plug 'n Play
PNY - PNY Technology
POST - Power On Self Test
PPPoA - Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM
PPPoE - Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PQI - PQI Corporation
PSU - Power Supply Unit

--- R ---
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RAMDAC - Random Access Memory Digital Analog Convertor
RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
ROM - Read Only Memory
RPM - Revolutions Per Minute

--- S ---
SASID - Self-scanned Amorphous Silicon Integrated Display
SCA - SCSI Configured Automatically
SCSI - Small Computer System Interface
SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SECC - Single Edge Contact Connector
SODIMM - Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
SPARC - Scalable Processor ArChitecture
SOHO - Small Office Home Office
SRAM - Static Random Access Memory
SSE - Streaming SIMD Extensions
SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array
S/PDIF - Sony/Philips Digital Interface

--- T ---
TB - Terabytes
TBps - Terabytes per second
Tbps - Terabits per second
TDK - TDK Electronics
TEC - Thermoelectric Cooler
TPC - TipidPC
TWAIN - Technology Without An Important Name

--- U ---
UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
USB - Universal Serial Bus
UTP - Unshieled Twisted Pair

--- V ---
VCD - Video CD
VPN - Virtual Private Network

--- W ---
WAN - Wide Area Network
WTB - Want to Buy
WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get

--- X ---
XGA - Extended Graphics Array
XFX - XFX Graphics, a Division of Pine
XMS - Extended Memory Specification
XT - Extended Technology

vishal 

COMMON ERROR OF PC

1. MONITOR LED IS BLINKING

Check all the connections like

Monitor Cable, Data cables, RAM,

Display Card , CPU

connections.som

etimes loose connection may

cause

this type of problem.

2. CONTINUOUS THREE BEEPS

Problem in RAM

Connection .mostly of

beeping sounds produced form

RAM.

3. THREE BEEPS ( 1 Long 2 Short)

Problem in Display Card

Connection..MAK E IT CLEAN

4. THREE LONG BEEPS PERIOD WISE

Problem in BIOS or RAM (Basic

Input

Output System)(Ram Access

Memory)

5. CONTINUOUS NON-STOP BEEPING

Key Board Problem (I.e.; Some Key

is

pressed for Longer time)

6. FDD LED IS GLOWING

CONTINUOUSLY

Data cable to be connected

properly

(twisted cable).do not use

brakeble

wire.

7. NO DISPLAY ON THE SCREEN AT

ALL

Hard Disk cable connected

wrongly.

Connect rightly seeing the Red

mark

(Faces power supply) and then

Restart.chek it from cpu to

monitor.

8. POWER LED IS OFF

a. Check main power cord

b. Check S.M.P.S.

c. Check Mother Board connection

d. Check switch once again at cpu

and monitor

9. SHOWING CMOS ERROR

Replace 3 Volt battery of Mother

Board . Set Original Settings

Manually.(Refer CMOS Setup chart)

Enter your search terms.Submit

search form.

10. SHOWING FDD ERROR OR

FLOPPY

DRIVE IS NOT WORKING PROPERLY

Check Power cord of FDD , Data

Cables , set CMOS & Finally the

Check

drive.

11. SHOWING HDD ERROR OR HARD

DISK FAILURE

a. Check Power Cord

b. Check connection of HDD

c. Check Data cable

d. Check Hard Disk parameters in

CMOS or Auto detecting Setting

Partitions by Fdisk Command, then

format it to set track 0.

12. MOTHER BOARD HANGS DUE TO

UNSTABILIZED POWER SUPPLY

a. Check S.M.P.S

b. RAM not functioning properly.

c. Software problem (due to using

pirated software)

d. CPU fan not functioning

properly.

e. warm air shouldn't be temperd

inside CPU.

13. DANCING SCREEN

a. Check Display card connection

b. Virus Problem

c. Video Memory Problem

14. SHAKING SCREEN

a. Earthing problem

b. Magnetic waves comes around.

15. CPU CABINET SHOCK

a. Check Earthing

b. Check main power cord.

16. NON-SYSTEM DISK ERROR

a. Floppy Drive having different

disk

(Non-Bootable Disk) OR CMOS

Parameters for Hard Disk may not

be

set properly.

b. Hard Disk Partitions may not be

created.

c. Hard Disk may not be formatted.

17. MISSING OPERATING SYSTEM

The System files missing namely

Ie;

command.com} -User File IO.SYS &

MS_DOS.SYS } - Hidden Files. These

above three files required for Start

up of the system that can be

transferred by using SYS C:

Command

OR While the time of formatting

by

using Format c:/u/s

18. MISSING COMMAND

INTERPRETOR

May the file Command.com is

corrupted OR Infected by Virus OR

Some one has Erased it.

19. SHOWING I/O ERRORa. The type

of Hard Disk in CMOS may not be

set

properly.

b. Operating system used for

formatting is not valid.

20. SHOWING DIVIDE OVER- FLOW

MESSAGE

a. May some Directories or Files

crash

with other files.

b. Use CHKDSK/F or SCANDISK

Command to correct it.

21. HARD DISK MAKING NOISE

WHILE

PROCESSING

a. Unstabilized power supply.

b. Check for Loose Contact.

c. Do not use Y Connectors for

Hard

Disk.

d. It may create Bad Sector OR

Weak

Hard Disk.

22. HARD DISK HANGS WHILE

PROCESSING

Check for Bad Sector by using

CHKDSK

or SCANDISK Command. If found

format the Hard Disk and set

Partition before that area.(This is

the

only procedure to use Hard Disk

with

Bad Sector) OR (To avoid Bad

Sectors

use Standard Power Supply)

23. HARD DISK NOT DETECTED

a. Check Power Connector

b. Check Data Cables

c. Check Jumpers

24. PARTITION NOT SHOWN

Operating System where the Hard

Disk formatted is not supported

with

present Mother Board. For Eg:

Hard

Disk formatted with Pentium

System

will hide their partitions for 486

System.

25. MMX/DLL FILE MISSING

May the above files may be

corrupted

due to power failure or Virus.

Make

available above files from other

Computer. OR Reinstall Windows

98

Operating System. (This procedure

will not make any effect on

existing

Data).

26. WINDOWS REGISTRY ERROR

This will happen due to sudden

ON/

OFF of the system. Final solution is

to

Reinstall Operating System.

27. DISPLAY COLOUR DOES NOT

MATCH

a. Configure Display Card properly

with their CD.

b. The Standard setting for

Windows

is set it to 800x600 for better

performance.

28. UNKNOWN DEVICE FOUND

May the Driver utility is not

provided

with operating system . Insert

Driver

CD and install software for the

above

Device...

vishal